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Vultr Review: Get $100 Free Test Drive Of Reliable Cloud Hosting When its comes to website hosting then people automatically draw the picture of shared hosting in their minds. I know many people who even unaware of the fact that there are more varieties of web hosting are available. How many of you are aware and have tried Cloud Hosting? Huh! Don’t worry even if you’ve never heard about it, and it’s not a big deal also if you’ve used cloud hosting.Get to the point; There is a new cloud hosting company Vultr. It’s one of the very few cloud hosting companies who’ve got such a good reputation in a just a few years of its launch.In April 2014 they opened their first data center in Sydney, Australia and now they have 17 Data Centers Worldwide also till now they has more than 200k customers from 150+ countries around the world. They love their customers and they love to help. Their team is answering over 25,000 requests per month! In just six years, they have spun up over 30 million cloud servers. Their system was designed from the start for reliability and scalability. Let us take a quick look to the major advantages one can get as a Vultr customer. Vultr Features and Advantages 17 Server Locations Worldwide (In 4 Continents): Vultr has total of 14 Data Centers in all around the globe in 4 continents e.g Asia, Singapore, Japan; Australia/Oceania, Europe, North America. They are still working to install many servers on all possible places. One-Click App Installation: Vultr has one click app installation system.…

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Sometimes, it would be awfully convenient to grab the installer for the latest release of your favorite Github project directly from the command-line. And if it could incorporate awk, that would be great too.[1] Well, the following command-line is a pretty nifty template to do just that! You will need cURL, shipped with macOS, or Wget, shipped with Linux, for this to work. Substitute in the user or organization name, the project’s name, and the desired file extension for the <user>, <repo>, and <extension> fields respectively. Download the latest Github release (cURL) $ curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/<user>/<repo>/releases/latest \ | awk -F': ' '/browser_download_url/ && /\.<file extension>/ {gsub(/"/, "", $(NF)); system("curl -LO " $(NF))}' Download the latest Github release (Wget) $ wget -q -nv -O - https://api.github.com/repos/<user>/<repo>/releases/latest \ | awk -F': ' '/browser_download_url/ && /\.<file extension>/ \ {gsub(/"/, "", $(NF)); system("wget -qi -L " $(NF))}' Here is a quick explanation. First, cURL or Wget obtains the response from an HTTP GET request.[2] This response contains the URLs for the various artifacts for the latest release of the project. Next, awk processes the response, finding the line containing a download URL and matching the given file extension. It then removes the quotation marks surrounding the URL and downloads the file directly with cURL or Wget. It’s also easy enough to modify the match pattern for the file extension to make it more specific if need be. The following example demonstrates this by fetching the latest Linux release zip file of the Ninja build system. Download the latest Ninja release (cURL) $ curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/ninja-build/ninja/releases/latest \ | awk -F': ' '/browser_download_url/ && /linux\.zip/ {gsub(/"/, "", $(NF));…

What is swap space/memory?    When the amount of physical memory (RAM) is full, swap space in Linux is used. Non-active pages in memory are moved to the swap memory if the system requires more memory resources and also the RAM is complete. While swap memory can help devices with a percentage of RAM, it should not be thought about a substitute for more RAM. Swap memory is located on hard disk drives, which have a slower accessibility time than physical memory.   What is the formula to determine the required swap memory?   The swap space ought to amount to 2x physical RAM for approximately 2 GB of physical RAM, and after that an extra 1x physical RAM for any kind of amount over 2 GB, yet never ever less than 32 MB. For systems with actually big amounts of RAM (more than 32 GB), you can likely get away with a smaller swap partition (around 1/2 half the physical RAM).   So, if:   Using this formula:   A system with 2 GB of physical RAM would certainly have 4 GB of swap memory. A system with 3 GB of physical RAM would certainly have 3 GB of swap memory. A system with 64 GB of physical RAM would certainly have 32 GB of swap memory.   If you intend to upgrade your RAM at a later time, creating a huge swap space partition can be particularly practical.   Identifying current swap space   Before you start, check if your AlmaLinux installation already has swap enabled by typing: cat…

Trying to fix the problem, the first step was "Disable UDP acceleration" (view the image)

Symptom:    When checking the LFD service with the systemctl command you will see this: systemctl status lfd.service ● lfd.service - ConfigServer Firewall & Security - lfd   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/lfd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2020-12-01 20:54:11 IST; 10min ago   Process: 11119 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/lfd (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE) Dec 01 20:54:10 host.domain.tld systemd[1]: Starting ConfigServer Firewall & Security - lfd... Dec 01 20:54:11 host.domain.tld lfd[11119]: Error: You have an unresolved error when starting csf. You need to restart csf successfully before starting lfd (s...csf.error) Dec 01 20:54:11 host.domain.tld systemd[1]: lfd.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1 Dec 01 20:54:11 host.domain.tld systemd[1]: Failed to start ConfigServer Firewall & Security - lfd. Dec 01 20:54:11 host.domain.tld systemd[1]: Unit lfd.service entered failed state. Dec 01 20:54:11 host.domain.tld systemd[1]: lfd.service failed. The error indicates that you need to restart the CSF service before being able to start the LFD service. However, when you check the CSF service you notice that the service has failed with the following error: systemctl status csf.service -l ● csf.service - ConfigServer Firewall & Security - csf   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/csf.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2020-11-30 20:13:09 IST; 24h ago  Main PID: 943 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE) Nov 30 20:12:56 host.domain.tld systemd[1]: Starting ConfigServer Firewall & Security - csf... Nov 30 20:13:09 host.domain.tld csf[943]: You have an unresolved error when starting csf: Nov 30 20:13:09 host.domain.tld csf[943]: Error: FASTSTART: (Packet Filter IPv4) [] [iptables-restore: line 14 failed]. Try restarting csf with FASTSTART disabled, at line 5584 in /usr/sbin/csf Nov 30 20:13:09…

ConfigServer Security & Firewall (CSS) is an iptables based firewall for Linux systems. In our previous tutorial read installation tutorial of CSF on Linux system. CSF also provides in-built web UI for the managing firewall from the web interface. In this tutorial, you will find how to enable CSF Firewall Web UI on your system. Step 1 – Install Required Perl Modules: CSF UI required some of Perl modules to be installed on your system. Use the following commands to install required modules as per your operating system. Debian based systems: $ sudo apt-get install libio-socket-ssl-perl libcrypt-ssleay-perl \ libnet-libidn-perl libio-socket-inet6-perl libsocket6-perl Redhat based systems: $ sudo yum install perl-IO-Socket-SSL.noarch perl-Net-SSLeay perl-Net-LibIDN \ perl-IO-Socket-INET6 perl-Socket6 Step 2 – Enable CSF Firewall Web UI: To enable CSF web UI edit /etc/csf/csf.conf file in your favorite text editor and update the following values. $ sudo vim /etc/csf/csf.conf # 1 to enable, 0 to disable web ui UI = "1" # Set port for web UI. The default port is 6666, but # I change this to 1025 to easy access. Default port create some issue # with popular chrome and firefox browser (in my case) UI_PORT = "1025" # Leave blank to bind to all IP addresses on the server UI_IP = "" # Set username for authetnication UI_USER = "admin" # Set a strong password for authetnication UI_PASS = "admin" After making changes, edit /etc/csf/ui/ui.allow configuration file and add your public IP to allow access to CSF UI. Change OUR_PUBLIC_IP_ADDRESS with your public IP address. $ sudo echo "YOUR_PUBLIC_IP_ADDRESS" >> /etc/csf/ui/ui.allow Web…

Introduction Config Server Firewall (or CSF) is a free and advanced firewall for most Linux distributions and Linux based VPS. In addition to the basic functionality of a firewall – filtering packets – CSF includes other security features, such as login/intrusion/flood detections. As mentioned CSF includes UI integration for cPanel, DirectAdmin and Webmin, but this tutorial only covers the command line usage. CSF is able to recognize many attacks, such as port scans, SYN floods, and login brute force attacks on many services. It is configured to temporarily block clients who are detected to be attacking the cloud server. The full list of supported operating systems and features can be found on ConfigServer’s website. Installing ConfigServer Firewall First we need to make sure that perl is installed yum install wget vim perl-libwww-perl.noarch perl-Time-HiRes Then we can go ahead and download CSF cd /usr/src/ wget https://download.configserver.com/csf.tgz The next step is to extract the downloaded tar archive and run the install script: tar -xzf csf.tgz cd csf sh install.sh Configure CSF CentOS 7 has a default firewall application called “firewalld”. You have to stop firewalld and remove it from the startup. Stop firewalld: systemctl stop firewalld and disable it: systemctl disable firewalld Now we can enable CSF disabling the default TESTING state: cd /etc/csf/ next open the csf.conf file using your favourite text editor - vim, vi ,nano and etc vim csf.conf On line 11 you will see that the “TESTING ” is set to “1” , make sure this is set to “0” TESTING = "0" Now we can start and enable both lfd and csf `systemctl…

I recently ran into an issue where I wanted to test a deployment using Windows Server 2019 Storage Migration Service feature. It turns out an Evaluation installation does not support storage migration service and it will not appears to be missing in the Windows Admin Center. I needed to upgrade Windows Server 2019 Evaluation to Standard edition. which is fortunately very easy! First open up a Powershell window and run as Administrator. Enter the following command: DISM /Online /Set-Edition:ServerStandard /ProductKey:N69G4-B89J2-4G8F4-WWYCC-J464C /AcceptEula DISM will proceed to make the required changes and will request a reboot. Press Y to reboot the server. Once the server has rebooted, log back in and open up Powershell again and type: DISM /Online /Get-CurrentEdition Congratulations you now have standard edition installed!

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Dnf by default does not choose the fastest mirror, but this can be changed by editing the dnf.conf file. The dnf.conf file is in /etc/dnf/dnf.conf. Edit the file Once the file opens the content should look something like this. Let’s add fastmirror to the config and enable it.   Add below the line skip_if_unavaiable=True the following. The dnf.conf should look like this. Save the file. Run the following command.

If you cannot install or update software via yum and you see 404 errors like this: try to clean yum cache first; sometimes, the current repository data doesn't match the cached information. You can do it via: If that didn't help, comment out the following line in /etc/yum.conf: You can run this command to comment out that line automatically:

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Step 1 Remove MariaDB 5.5/10.0/10.1/10.2 Before installing it is recommended to backup your databases, although it is not necessary if you followed this steps carefully. First backup your current my.cnf config : Now we need to remove current version of mariadb 5.5 installed on centos 7 : For MariaDB 5.5 : At this point MariaDB 5.5 will be removed completely but the databases are not removed don’t need to worry. For MariaDB 10.0/10.1/10.2 : At this point MariaDB 10.0/10.1/10.2 will be removed completely but the databases are not removed don’t need to worry. Then Install MariaDB 10.5.5 : Step 2 Installation/Updating from MariaDB 5.5/10.0/10.1/10.2 to MariaDB 10.3 Install/enable Official repo for mariadb 10.5.5: Now edit/create the Repo file : Ensure you don’t have any other MariaDB repo file in /etc/yum.repos.d if exists delete or backup the existing repo file : then paste this lines and save it : After that we’ll install Mariadb 10.5.5 Restore the my.cnf file : Then enable mariadb to start on boot and start the service : Final Step After that we need to upgrade current databases by this command : that’s it you’ve successfully upgraded MariaDB 5.5/10.0/10.1/10.2 to MariaDB 10.3. You can confirm the version by running this command from terminal ssh:

Error: yum install failed solved the issue by enabling a higher version of php rather than 55 56:

tmux (Terminal Multiplexer) is a program that you can use to have a detachable terminal session on your VPS. This means you can login, execute some commands, and then disconnect, returning hours or days later and connecting to the same session.  This is different than just logging out. You’re probably familiar with running commands in the background, such as this: # some-long-process & If you’re a little more sophisticated, you might try this: # nohup some-long-process & That way your background process won’t be terminated if you disconnect. ‘nohup’ means ‘Ignore the HUP signal’, which is what is typically generated by your shell disconnecting. But what if you have a complex session going with many windows? Maybe you’re deep into some project and have a half-dozen files you’re editing, some status output flowing, and another window with an error message you’re looking at. Or what if you simply want the convenience of picking up a session exactly where you left off? Enter tmux.   Installing tmux Getting tmux installed on Debian is as easy as apt-get install tmux Using tmux You could just type “tmux” to start a session, but it’s helpful to give them some kind of label. Let’s call our first session something clever like…”first”: tmux new -s first You’ll see a screen like this: Let’s fire up a command that will generate some output. while [ 1 ] ; do date ; sleep 30 ; done Now we’ll detach from the session. To do this, we need an out-of-band command, one that isn’t interpreted by the shell.…

In this tutorial we will be showing you how to set up a remote desktop on your Ubuntu 20.04 VPS, using the XRDP software. XRDP allows you to graphically access your remote Linux servers. RDP is used to access a remote server through another computer, just as if you are using it locally. XRDP is a handy tool as it provides useful features such as two-way clipboard transfer, audio redirection and drive redirection. The RDP protocol is also safe to use for sensitive data as it is encrypted with TLS. In this guide, we will instruct you on how to install and setup XRDP on your Ubuntu 20.04 server.   Step 1. Install a desktop environment Most of the Linux servers do not come with a graphical desktop environment. Instead, they are used via the command-line. There are a couple of different desktop environments available for your server. These are already present in the Ubuntu repositories, so you don’t need to download anything. We will show you how to install Gnome and Xfce on the server. Gnome is the default Ubuntu desktop, to install it, run the following commands:     On the other hand, Xfce is a lightweight and fast desktop, ideal for a remote server. To install it, run the following command:     After running these commands, it might take some time to get everything installed. Step 2. Installing Xrdp The Xrdp comes loaded in the default Ubuntu repositories. Thus, you don’t need to download it. To install Xrdp, run the following command: Step 3. Verify the install…

SSHFS is a handy tool to share files securely. It is a filesystem based on the SSH File Transfer Protocol. As all Linux servers have already SSH installed, its very easy to configure and can be used to share files between two or more servers or desktops. You just have to mount the file system and it works like a charm. The idea of sshfs was taken from the SSHFS filesystem distributed with LUFS, which I found very useful. In this tutorial we will see how to install SSHFS with from the CentOS repository with the yum command and also how to compile it from Install SSHFS with yum Use the following command to install the SSHFS package with yum: When you installed the package with yum, proceed with the chapter "Mount a remote folder with SSHFS". Install SSHFS from source As an alternative (or when you want to get the latest SSHFS version) you can install SSHFS from source. To install SSHFS from source, you have to download the source files by using the following command which we will download from its official website: Now extract the folder by using the following command: You have to enter the folder with "cd" and then use configure and compile SSHFS: Now let's start using SSHFS as its successfully installed. Make a folder that you want to share with client end. Let's suppose we make a folder in /var/ with name "mnt" Mount a remote folder with SSHFS Now I will mount this folder from the remote server. In my case the remote server IP…